Punnett_Monkey 1.0 is a Java program written by Harrell Lee
Sellers and copyright is retained by the author. The duck version includes genes
for domestic and Muscovy ducks. Following R.D. Crawford in Poultry Breeding
and Genetics, Elsevier, 1990, the term "Domestic Duck" is used to describe
the ducks related to the Mallard. Muscovy ducks are considered separately. The
gene lists used in Punnett_Monkey_forDucks orders the domestic duck genes first
and the Muscovy genes after the domestic duck genes.
Just choose the genes for the male and female parents by clicking the
buttons. You will click through a list of duck genes (domestic duck genes first)
in the order in which they appear in the tables of genes. You must select
two genes for each parent. The sex-linked genes are first in the gene list.
If you choose a sex-linked gene for the female, you must select the
dash, -, for the other female gene. The plus sign indicates the wild-type gene.
The 'hat' or shift-6 indicates a superscript. Just try it! Select the four genes! If you make a mistake,
just press your refresh button and start over.
Now all you have to do is click on the Do Punnett Square button. The genes are separated by a slash,
which is a common notation. I use the dash notation to represent the female
sex-chromosome, the W chromosome. I don't use 'W' as some people do because 'W'
is also a gene symbol and that can be confusing. Separating the gene symbols
with a slash then avoids having to write genotypes like b+- (it would be written
here as b+ / -).
These
are the gene combinations you will have in your chicks. Each one of the
four quadrants represents 25% of the chicks. If some of the gene pairs are the
same, and the order of writing them makes no difference, then add the two
percentages together. Try making a sex-link bird! Breed a dark brown male to a
wild-type female. Give the female the genes D+ and - (dash) and give the male
two dark brown genes, d. The chicks that inherit the dash are the females! What
color are the males and females in this cross? Now turn it around. Mate a dark
brown female (genes d and dash) with a wild-type male (two D+ genes).
What color are the male and female chicks now?